"Mtima" wa Tricone Roller Bits: Mitundu Itatu Yokhala ndi Mitundu Yomwe Imatsimikizira Kuchita Bwino Kubowola

Pamalo ofufuza mafuta ndi gasi ndi malo obowola geological, thewodzigudubuza chuluchoali ngati “chilombo chachitsulo” choloŵa pansi kwambiri, ndipo kunyamulako kumatumikira monga “mtima” wa chilombochi. Imathandizira kusinthasintha kothamanga kwambiri kwa ma cones odzigudubuza, imapirira zovuta zapansi panthaka ndi kukangana, ndipo imatsimikizira mwachindunji moyo wautumiki wa bit ndi mphamvu ya ntchito zobowola. Lero, tigawa mitundu itatu yayikulu ya ma roller cone bits, ndikuwunika zinsinsi zaukadaulo kumbuyo kwa chilichonse komanso momwe amachitira bwino.

I. Sliding Seled Rubber Bearing: Wampikisano Wotsika mtengo, Wothandizira Wodalirika wa Mawonekedwe Ofewa mpaka Ovuta Kwambiri

M'mabowo wamba, mphira wotsekedwa ndi "msirikali" wodziwika bwino yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Mapangidwe ake si ovuta; pachimake pamakhala ma sliding friction awiri opangidwa ndi magazini yachitsulo cha alloy ndi alloy bushing osamva. Mofanana ndi zigawo ziwiri zachitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo zolondola, zimatumiza mphamvu kudzera mukugwedezeka. Pofuna kupewa kulowerera kwa madzi obowola, msonkhano wodzipatulira wosindikiza mphira—monga mphete zosindikizira za radial ndi mapeto a gaskets—imayikidwa kumbali yakunja ya chibowo, ndipo patsekekeyo imadzazidwa ndi mafuta othamanga kwambiri kuti apange "chotchinga choteteza."

Ubwino waukulu wa kubereka uku ndi "kukhazikika" kwake ndi "kutsika mtengo." Mapangidwe otsetsereka otsetsereka amathandizira kugawa katundu wofanana komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, kulola kuti izigwira ntchito mosasunthika ngakhale pobowola mwamphamvu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala ndi mtengo wotsika wopanga komanso kukonza kosavuta—mutatha kuvala, bushing yokha iyenera kusinthidwa kuti mubwezeretse pang'ono ku ntchito. Komabe, chisindikizo cha rabara ndi "zofooka" zake: kukana kwake kutentha sikuposa 120.°C, ndipo malire ake okana kukakamiza ndi pafupifupi 50MPa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwire ntchito m'zitsime zakuya zotentha kwambiri kapena zikakumana ndi madzi obowola.

Chifukwa chake, "bwalo lalikulu lankhondo" lazitsulo zomata za mphira zomata zimakhala zofewa kapena zolimba, monga dongo, miyala yamchenga, ndi miyala yamchere. Ndizoyenera kwambiri kubowola m'mphepete mwa nyanja,kubowola kolowera, ndi ntchito zosaya zachitsime kumene kuwongolera mtengo ndikofunikira. Ngati zofunikira zanu pobowola zikugwirizana ndi zochitika izi, izi zidzakhala zosankha zotsika mtengo kwambiri.

II. Kunyamula Mpira Wosindikizidwa: Mpainiya Wochita Bwino Kwambiri, Chida Chofunika Kwambiri Pamapangidwe Apakatikati mpaka Olimba

Kubowola kukakhala kolimba mpaka kolimba, monga granite ndi basalt, kuyendetsa bwino kwa zitsulo zomata za mphira kumakhala kosakwanira.—ndipo ndipamene kugubuduza zomata zomata mphira zimatenga gawo lalikulu. Kuwongolera kwake kwakukulu ndikulowa m'malo mwa ma sliding sliding awiri ndi zinthu zogubuduza (zotengera mpira kapena zodzigudubuza). Zinthu zonse zogubuduza ndi mphete zamkati / zakunja zimapangidwa ndi alloy yolondola kwambiri yosamva kuvala, ndikusunga chisindikizo cha mphira ndi makina osindikizira amafuta ndi mafuta.

Kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kukangana ndi "kuchepetsa mphamvu": kukana kukangana kumatsitsidwa kwambiri,pang'onotorque yoyambira ndi yaying'ono, ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa kuthamanga kwambiri kozungulira. Liwiro la kubowola pamakina nthawi zambiri limakwera ndi 10% -30%, zomwe mosakayikira ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapulojekiti omwe akufuna kukumba mogwira mtima kwambiri. Komabe, imakhalanso ndi malire a zisindikizo za rabara—kutentha kwake kwakukulu kumakwera pang'ono kuposa kutsetsereka, koma kumangofika 130°C, ndi kukana kuthamanga pafupifupi 60MPa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zogubuduza zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zonyansa; particles olimba mu pobowola madzimadzi mosavuta chifukwa kupanikizana, kotero apamwamba anaika pa ukhondo wa pobowola madzimadzi.

Kutengera makhalidwe amenewa, kugubuduza zitsulo zosindikizidwa mphira makamaka ntchito pobowola sing'anga-zolimba mapangidwe zolimba, monga ofukula zigawo za zitsime zakuya ndi kopitilira muyeso-zakuya, komanso ntchito pobowola bwino kwambiri amafuna mkulu mawotchi pobowola liwiro. Pankhani ya kusankha madzimadzi pobowola, iwo n'zogwirizana kwambiri ndi madzi oyera ndi otsika olimba-gawo pobowola kachitidwe madzimadzi. Kuti apereke kusewera kwathunthu pazabwino zawo zapamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi obowola okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono kuyenera kupewedwa momwe tingathere.

III. Zosatsekeka Zopanda Kutentha Kwambiri: Katswiri Wolimbana ndi Kutentha Kwambiri, Njira Yapadera Yopangira Njira Zapadera Zobowola

M'malo otentha kwambiri komanso pakubowola kozama kwambiri, monga zitsime za geothermal ndi zitsime zakuya za gasi wa shale, zisindikizo za mphira zamitundu iwiri yoyambira zidzalephera chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Panthawiyi, chonyamula mpweya chosasindikizidwa chimakhala njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli. Kapangidwe kake ndi kapadera kwambiri: imatenga ma rolling element friction pair koma imathetsa msonkhano wosindikiza. The kunyamula patsekeke chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi pobowola sing'anga, ndi mkulu-anzanu mpweya kapena atomized pobowola madzimadzi ntchito ngati yozizira ndi lubricating sing'anga.

Popanda zopinga za zisindikizo, kukana kwake kutentha kwakwanitsa kudumpha bwino, kufika pa 200.°C, yomwe imatha kusinthira kumadera otentha kwambiri apansi panthaka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya wothamanga kwambiri umatsuka mosalekeza pabowo, osati kungochotsa kutentha komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kukangana komanso kutulutsa bwino zodulidwa kuti zisawonongeke, kumapangitsanso kudalirika m'madera ovuta. Komabe, ilinso ndi "zofunikira" zapadera: ili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pamagetsi operekera mpweya, zomwe zimafuna gwero lokhazikika la mpweya wothamanga kwambiri. Komanso, moyo wonyamula katundu umakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi ukhondo wa mpweya—ngati zonyansa zikasakanikirana ndi mpweya, zimatha kuwononga mosavuta.

Mtundu woterewu umakhala ndi ntchito zapadera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakubowola bwino kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri pakubowola bwino, komanso njira zapadera monga kubowola mopanda malire komanso kubowola mpweya. Munjira izi, mpweya wothamanga kwambiri sikuti umangopereka mafuta ndi kuziziritsa kwa kubereka komanso kumateteza bwino kugwa kwa Wellbore, kukwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti sizigwirizana kwathunthu ndi machitidwe ochiritsira opangira madzi opangidwa ndi madzi ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito mu gasi kapena ma atomu obowola madzimadzi.—uku ndiye kuletsa kwake kugwiritsa ntchito.

Chidule: Momwe Mungasankhire Pakati pa Zimbalangondo Zitatu? Kufananiza Mkhalidwe Wogwirira Ntchito Ndiwo Mfungulo

Pambuyo pophunzira za tsatanetsatane wa mayendedwe atatuwa, n’zachionekere kuti palibe ukulu kapena kutsika kotheratu pakati pawo.—kusiyana kokha mu kuyenera kwa zochitika zinazake zogwirira ntchito. M'mawu osavuta, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zosankhidwa zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule m'magawo atatu:

Pazigawo zofewa kapena zolimba komanso zozama zachitsime zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, sankhani chingwe cha rabara chokhazikika; kwa mapangidwe apakati-ovuta mpaka olimba pomwe kuthamanga kwambiri kubowola komanso kuchita bwino kumafunikira, sankhani chonyamula mphira chosindikizidwa; ndi kutentha kwambiri, zitsime zakuya kwambiri kapena njira zapadera monga kubowola mpweya, mpweya wosatsekedwa ndi njira yokhayo.

Monga "mtima" wa chodzigudubuza chulu pang'ono, kunyamula kusankha kumakhudza mwachindunji mtengo, mphamvu, ndi chitetezo ntchito kubowola. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kumveketsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma bere atatu, kukuthandizani kusankha "mtima" woyenera pamapulojekiti obowola ndikuwonetsetsa kubowola koyenera komanso kodalirika nthawi zonse.