Ma Trione Bits: HDD Yotsogolera vs. Vertical Shaft Differences
Pankhani ya zida zobowola, tinthu tating'onoting'ono todzigudubuza ndizomwe zimafunikira pakuswa ndi kubowola miyala. Komabe, ngakhale kuti onsewo ndi odzigudubuza, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwira kuti tigwiritse ntchito Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga shaft (vertical well/mining shaft) ndizosiyana kwambiri pamapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe chifukwa cha kusiyana kofunikira m'malo awo ogwirira ntchito. Kwa akatswiri oboola ndi ogula, kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku sikumangopangitsa kusankha mwachangu kupewa misampha komanso kumakulitsa kumvetsetsa kwamalingaliro amakampani a "zida zomwe zimagwirizana ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito". Lero, tidzathetsa kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi kuchokera ku miyeso iwiri yayikulu ya kapangidwe ndi maonekedwe.
I. HDD Guided Roller Cone Bits: Wobadwira "Flexible Steering", Compact mu Kapangidwe & Maonekedwe
Chofunikira chachikulu pakumanga kwa HDD ndi "chiwongolero cholondola komanso kubowola kokhotakhota". Mwachitsanzo, pakuyika mapaipi a municipalities,kubowola pang'onoimayenera kudutsa zopinga zapansi panthaka ndikutsatira njira yomwe idapangidwira. Mkhalidwe wogwirira ntchitowu umatsimikizira kuti kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a ma roller cone bits ayenera kukhazikika pa "kusinthasintha ndi kuwongolera".
Pankhani ya kapangidwe kake, zowunikira zazikulu zamagawo odzigudubuza ndi "compactness + steering empowerment". Ambiri amatenga mawonekedwe a 3-roller cones, koma ma cones odzigudubuza amakonzedwa mochuluka komanso mophatikizana. Mitundu ina idapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a eccentric roller cone, omwe amatha kupanga mphamvu yakumbuyo mosavuta akalumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero kuti athe kukonza bwino. Dongosolo lonyamulira ndilo gawo lake lalikulu lokhala ndi mphamvu, kutengera zitsulo zomata zolimba zosagwira mphamvu zokhala ndi kutalika pang'ono kwa axial ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono akunja, omwe amatha kuthana ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana wobwera chifukwa chowongolera pafupipafupi ndikupewa kusweka kapena kupindika. Chofunika kwambiri, mbale zowongolera za 1-2 (mapiko otsogolera) zimaphatikizidwa kumbali kapena kumbuyo kwa bowolo, zopangidwa ndi carbide yolimba kwambiri yosagwira ntchito, zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi khoma la dzenje kuti likhazikitse njirayo komanso kuchepetsa kugwedeza panthawi yobowola. Mapangidwe a mano amayang'ana kwambiri "kuvala kukana ndi kusinthasintha", makamaka zazifupi komanso zonenepakugaya mano(mano achitsulo) kapena mano ang'onoang'ono oyikidwa, okhala ndi kutalika kwa dzino 3-8mm ndi malo otalikirana a mano, oyenera kukwapula ndikupera mapangidwe monga dongo, mchenga, thanthwe. Mapangidwe a mayendedwe oyenda nawonso ndi osavuta kwambiri, okhala ndi maso amadzi am'mimba mwake 1-2, ndikuyika patsogolo kuwonetsetsa kuti kudula kumatuluka ndikupewa kutsekeka.
Kutengera mawonekedwe, ma roller cone bits amadziwika kwambiri. Ponseponse, ali ndi mawonekedwe a "ndodo yowonda" yokhala ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kutalika kwake mpaka m'mimba mwake, ndipo m'mimba mwake wamba ndi 150-400mm. Maonekedwe awa amalola chobowola kuti chitembenuke mosavuta m'magawo opindika popanda kumiza. Mabala a kalozera otuluka m'mbali ndi omwe amazindikiritsa bwino kwambiri; Kubowola kumapeto kwake ndi kosalala, kopanda mabowo owoneka bwino, mikwingwirima yosavuta yotuluka. Pamwamba pake amapoperapo utoto wonyezimira kapena wachikasu wosamva kuvala, womwe ndi woonda kwambiri. Zolemba zamalonda zimawonetsa bwino "mtundu wotsogozedwa", "kugwiritsa ntchito kwapadera kwa HDD" ndi ma curvature radius ndi magawo ena kuti adziwike mwachangu.
II. Vertical Shaft Roller Cone Bits: Wobadwira "High-Pressure Rock Breaking", Yokhuthala ndi Yolimba mu Kapangidwe & Maonekedwe
Chofunikira chachikulu pakumanga shaft yoyima (monga mitsinje ya migodi ndi zitsime zoyima bwino zamafuta) ndi "kuthyola miyala koyenera komanso kuthamanga kwambiri pakubowola". Njira yobowola imakhala yoyimirira, ndipo chofunikira kuti chiwongolero chikhale chosavuta. Kugwira ntchito kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a ma shaft roller cone bits ayenera kumangidwa mozungulira "kulimba komanso kuchita bwino".
Pankhani ya kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake ka ma vertical shaft roller cone bits ndi "kulimbikitsa kunyamula katundu + kukweza mphamvu yothyola miyala". Ambiri amatengera ma cones odzigudubuza a 3 (zitsanzo zazikulu za m'mimba mwake zimatha kufika ma cones 4), ndi ma cones odzigudubuza omwe amakonzedwa mwadongosolo lapakati. Thema roller conesali ndi mainchesi okulirapo komanso m'lifupi mwake m'lifupi mwake, ndipo shaft yodzigudubuza imakhala yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imatha kupirira matani makumi amphamvu pobowola axial. Dongosolo lonyamulira limatengera kapangidwe kazinthu zodzigudubuza zolemetsa + zoyandama zoyandama, zokhala ndi makulidwe amtundu wa radial komanso kukana kwamphamvu, zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi kugwedezeka kwakukulu pakusweka kwa thanthwe lolimba. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kutsogoleredwakubowola zidutswandiko kusakhalapo kwa chiwongolero; thupi lobowola ndi lolimba komanso lokhuthala, lolunjika kwambiri pakuswa miyala. Mano amagawidwa m'mano ogayidwa ndi mano akulu akulu olowetsedwa. Mano ogayidwawo ndi otalika 10-15mm okhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa, ndipo mano olowetsedwa amatenga carbide yomangidwa ndi njere yayikulu 8-12mm, yokhala ndi dzino lowoneka ngati mphero, lomwe limaphwanya mwala wolimba ndi mphamvu. Mapangidwe amayendedwe oyenda ndi ovuta kwambiri, okhala ndi ma nozzles a 3-6 apamwamba kwambiri omwe amagawidwa kumapeto kwa nkhope, omwe amatha kupopera madzi opopera othamanga kwambiri kuti aziziziritsa ndikutulutsa zodulidwa munthawi yake.
Kutengera mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe oyamba a ma vertical shaft roller cone bits ndi "zafupi, zonenepa komanso zolimba", zokhala ndi chiŵerengero chaching'ono cha kutalika kwake mpaka m'mimba mwake, ndi m'mimba mwake 200-600mm kapena kupitilira apo. Zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu zimafanana ndi ma discs achitsulo wandiweyani, odzaza ndi mphamvu. Ma cones 3 odzigudubuza ali ndi malo aakulu owonekera, okhala ndi mano akuthwa ndi otuluka, ndipo mabowo angapo ozungulira ozungulira kumapeto akuwonekera bwino. Zitsanzo zina zimakhala ndi zipewa zoteteza zoyendera zofiira kapena zakuda. Pamwamba pake amapaka utoto wonyezimira wotuwa kapena wakuda wosavala, womwe sugwira ntchito komanso kuti usachite dzimbiri. Zolemba zamalonda ziwonetsa magawo ofunikira monga "kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwapadera kwa shaft", "mtundu wa rock rock" ndi "kubowola kuthamanga", kuwonetsa katundu wake wonyamula katundu ndi kuswa miyala.
Chidule cha Kusiyana Kwachidule: Zochita Zogwirira Ntchito Zimatsimikizira Fomu
Mwachidule, tinthu tating'onoting'ono todzigudubuza ndi "akatswiri owongolera", kuyang'ana kwambiri chiwongolero ndi kukana mphamvu zapambuyo pamapangidwe, zowoneka zowonda komanso zowongolera; vertical shaft roller cone bits ndi "zimphona zolimba zosweka mwala", zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri kunyamula katundu komanso kuswa mwala bwino, zowoneka zazifupi, zonenepa komanso mphuno zingapo. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa awiriwa kwenikweni ndi chithunzithunzi cha kapangidwe kazinthu kosiyanasiyana koyendetsedwa ndi kusiyana pakubowola ntchito. Kudziwa bwino malo ozindikiritsa awa ndi mawonekedwe kungapangitse kuwunika komanga pamalopo, kugula zida ndi kusankha, komanso kutchuka kwa chidziwitso chamakampani kukhala koyenera komanso kolondola.
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