Trione Bits: HDD Yayobowe na Vertical Shaft Itandukaniro
Mu rwego rwibikoresho byo gucukura, bits ya roller nibice byingenzi byo kumena urutare no gucukura. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nubwo byombi bigenda byuzuzanya, bitsindagirizwa ya rot ya cone igenewe umwihariko wa Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) hamwe nizikoreshwa mubwubatsi bwa vertical shaft (vertical well / mine shaft) ziratandukanye cyane muburyo bw'imiterere no mumiterere kubera itandukaniro rikomeye mubikorwa byabo byahujwe. Ku bakora umwuga wo gucukura n'abaguzi, gusobanukirwa itandukaniro ntabwo bifasha gusa guhitamo byihuse kwirinda imitego ahubwo binashimangira gusobanukirwa ningingo nyamukuru yinganda z "ibikoresho bihuza nakazi". Uyu munsi, tuzasenya itandukaniro riri hagati yibi byombi uhereye kumirongo ibiri yingenzi yimiterere nuburyo bugaragara.
I. HDD Yayoboye Roller Cone Bits: Yavutse kuri "Flexible Steering", Ihuza muburyo no kugaragara
Icyifuzo cyibanze cyubwubatsi bwa HDD ni "kuyobora neza no gucukura kugoramye". Kurugero, mugushiraho imiyoboro ya komini ,.bito bitoikeneye kurenga inzitizi zubutaka no gukurikira inzira yagenewe. Iyi mikorere ikora igena ko imiterere nuburyo bugaragara bwa roller cone bits bigomba kuba bishingiye kuri "guhinduka no kugenzura".
Kubijyanye nimiterere, ibyingenzi byashushanyijeho ibintu byingenzi byerekanwe kuri roller cone bits ni "compactness + kuyobora imbaraga". Benshi bafata imiterere ya 3-roller, ariko uruziga rutondekanye cyane kandi rwuzuye muri rusange. Moderi zimwe zakozwe hamwe na eccentric roller cone imiterere, irashobora kubyara byoroshye imbaraga zuruhande iyo ihujwe na moteri ikora kugirango igere kuri trayectory neza. Sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho nikintu cyibanze cyingufu zitwara imbaraga, ifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifatanye bifunze bifatanye hamwe nuburebure burebure bwa axial hamwe na diameter ntoya yo hanze, bishobora guhangana nindi mitwaro ihindagurika iterwa no kuyobora kenshi kandi ikirinda guturika cyangwa kuvanga. Icy'ingenzi cyane, ibyapa 1-2 byo kuyobora (amababa ayobora) byahujwe kuruhande cyangwa inyuma ya biti ya drill, bikozwe muri karbide ya sima irwanya-kwambara cyane, idashobora guhuza urukuta rwumwobo gusa kugirango ihagarike icyerekezo ahubwo inagabanya kunyeganyega mugihe cyo gucukura. Igishushanyo cy'amenyo cyibanda ku "kwambara birwanya no guhuza n'imihindagurikire", ahanini bigufi kandi bininiamenyo asya. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuyoboro nacyo kiroroshye cyane, hamwe n'amaso y'amazi manini ya diametre 1-2, atanga umwanya wambere kugirango ibice bisohoka kandi birinde guhagarika.
Kubireba isura, kuyobora roller cone bits iramenyekana cyane. Muri rusange, bari mumiterere y "inkoni yoroheje" ifite igipimo kinini cyuburebure bwose na diametre, kandi intera rusange ya diameter ni 150-400mm. Iyi shusho ituma imyitozo ya bito ihinduka byoroshye mubice bigoramye bitavanze. Icyapa kiyobora cyerekanwe kuruhande nicyo kimenyekanisha cyane; imyitozo ya biti ya nyuma irasa, nta mwobo ugaragara, gusa umuyoboro woroheje utemba. Ubuso ahanini bwateweho ibara ryijimye cyangwa umuhondo wijimye wihanganira kwambara, bikaba byoroshye. Ibimenyetso byibicuruzwa byerekana neza "ubwoko bwayobowe", "HDD idasanzwe ikoreshwa" hamwe na radiyo igoramye nibindi bipimo kugirango tumenye vuba.
II. Vertical Shaft Roller Cone Bits: Yavutse kuri "Kumeneka-Umuvuduko ukabije wo kumena urutare", Umubyimba kandi ukomeye muburyo & Kugaragara
Icyifuzo cyibanze cyo kubaka uruzitiro ruhagaze (nk'amabuye acukura amabuye y'agaciro n'iriba rihagaritse amariba) ni "kumena urutare neza kandi rufite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gucukura". Inzira yo gucukura irahagaritse cyane, kandi ibisabwa kugirango ihindurwe ni bike. Iyi mikorere ikora igena ko imiterere nuburyo bugaragara bwa vertical shaft roller cone bits bigomba kubakwa "gukomera no gukora neza".
Kubireba imiterere, igishushanyo mbonera cya vertical shaft roller cone bits ni "gushimangira umutwaro + kuzamura ubushobozi bwo kumena urutare". Benshi bafata imashini 3 (moderi nini ya diameter irashobora kugera kuri 4 ya roller), hamwe na roller yatondekanye muburyo bwo guhuza ibice. UwitekauruzigaKugira diameter nini n'ubugari bw'amenyo yagutse, kandi uruziga rwa cone rufite ubukana buhebuje, bushobora kwihanganira toni icumi z'umuvuduko wo gucukura. Sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho ifata imiterere yibikoresho biremereye biremereye + bireremba hejuru, bifite umubyimba mwinshi wa radiyo kandi birwanya ingaruka zidasanzwe, bishobora guhangana nihungabana rikomeye mugihe cyo kumena urutare rukomeye. Itandukaniro rinini riyobowebitsni ukubura ubuyobozi buyobora; umubiri wa drill bit ni igishushanyo gikomeye kandi kinini, cyibanda cyane kumena urutare. Amenyo agabanyijemo amenyo asya hamwe n amenyo manini yashizwemo. Amenyo yasya afite uburebure bwa 10-15mm hamwe ninama zinyo zikarishye, kandi amenyo yashizwemo afata karbide nini ya 8-12mm nini nini ya sima, hamwe namenyo yinyo ya conique cyangwa ameze nk'umugozi, amenagura urutare rukomeye n'imbaraga. Igishushanyo mbonera cyumuyoboro kiraruhije, hamwe na 3-6 zumuvuduko ukabije wogukwirakwiza mumaso yanyuma, zishobora gutera amazi yumuvuduko ukabije wamazi kugirango ibice bikonje kandi bisohore mugihe gikwiye.
Kubireba isura, igitekerezo cya mbere cyerekana vertical shaft roller cone bits ni "ngufi, ibinure kandi bikomeye", hamwe nikigereranyo gito cyuburebure bwose na diameter, hamwe na diameter ya 200-600mm cyangwa irenga. Moderi nini ya diametre isa na disikuru yicyuma, yuzuye imbaraga. Imashini 3 ya roller ifite ahantu hanini hagaragara, ifite amenyo atyaye kandi asohoka, kandi imyobo myinshi izenguruka ya nozzle kumaso yanyuma iragaragara neza. Moderi zimwe zifite ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu bitukura cyangwa umukara. Ubuso bwateweho ibara ryijimye cyangwa umukara wijimye wijimye, irwanya ingaruka kandi irwanya ruswa. Ibimenyetso byibicuruzwa bizerekana ibipimo byingenzi nka "vertical shaft idasanzwe ikoreshwa", "ubwoko bwurutare rukomeye" na "urwego rwo gucukura", byerekana imitwaro yacyo no kumena urutare.
Itandukaniro ryibanze Incamake: Imiterere yakazi igena ifishi
Muri make, icyerekezo cya roller cone bits ni "abahanga mu kuyobora neza", bibanda ku kuyobora no kuruhande rwimbaraga zuburyo, muburyo bugaragara kandi bwerekana ibyapa; vertical shaft roller cone bits ni "ibihangange bikomeye bimena urutare", byibanda ku kwikorera imitwaro no kumena urutare neza mumiterere, hamwe na bugufi, ibinure hamwe na nozzles nyinshi. Itandukaniro riri hagati yibi byombi ni igishushanyo mbonera cyibicuruzwa bitandukanye biterwa no gutandukana mubikorwa byo gucukura. Kumenya izi ngingo zerekana imiterere nuburyo bugaragara birashobora gutuma igenzurwa ryubwubatsi, kugura ibikoresho no guhitamo, hamwe no kumenyekanisha ubumenyi bwinganda kurushaho gukora neza kandi neza.
AMAKURU ASANZWE
Ohereza Ubutumwa
Aderesi imeri yawe ntizatangazwa. Imirima isabwa irangwa na *
