Trione Bits: HDD Inotungamirirwa vs. Vertical Shaft Differences
Mumunda wemichina yekuchera, roller cone bits ndizvo zvakakosha zvekupwanya dombo nekuchera. Nekudaro, kunyangwe ese ari maviri ari roller cone bits, inotungamirwa roller koni mabhiti akagadzirirwa zvakanangana Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) uye ayo anoshandiswa vertical shaft (vertical well/mining shaft) kuvaka akasiyana zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro uye chitarisiko nekuda kwekusiyana kwakakosha mumamiriro avo ekushanda. Kune vanochera zvibhorani nevatengi, kunzwisisa misiyano iyi haingogonese sarudzo yekukurumidza kudzivirira misungo asi zvakare inodzamisa kunzwisisa kweiyo indasitiri pfungwa huru ye "zvishandiso zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda". Nhasi, tichaputsa misiyano pakati pezviviri kubva kune maviri akakosha zviyero zvechimiro uye chitarisiko.
I. HDD Inotungamirirwa Roller Cone Bits: Akazvarwa nokuda kwe "Flexible Steering", Compact in Structure & Kuonekwa
Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa pakuvaka HDD "chaizvo chidhiraivho uye curved drilling". Semuyenzaniso, mukanzuru pombi yekuisa, iyodrill bitinoda kunzvenga zvipingamupinyi zvepasi uye kutevera iyo yakagadzirirwa trajectory. Ichi chimiro chekushanda chinotarisa kuti chimiro uye chitarisiko cheanotungamirwa roller cone bits anofanirwa kuve nechepakati pe "flexibility and controllability".
Panyaya yechimiro, iyo yakakosha dhizaini yakakwira yeinotungamirwa roller cone bits ndeye "compactness + steering empowerment". Mazhinji anotora 3-roller koni dhizaini, asi roller koni dzakarongedzerwa zvakanyanya uye zvakabatana zvakazara. Mamwe mamodheru akagadzirwa ane eccentric roller cone marongero, ayo anogona nyore kugadzira lateral simba kana anoenderana neinotungamira mota kuti iwane trajectory yakanaka-tuning. Iyo inotakura sisitimu ndiyo yepakati simba-inotakura chikamu, inotora lateral simba-resistant yakavharwa mabhengi ane yakati rebei axial kureba uye madiki ekunze dhayamita, iyo inogona kutarisana nekuchinjana mitoro inokonzerwa nekugaro fambisa uye kudzivirira kutakura kuputika kana jamming. Chinonyanya kukosha, 1-2 mahwendefa emutungamiri (mapapiro ekufambisa) akabatanidzwa padivi kana kumashure kwechibooreso, akagadzirwa nepamusoro-kupfeka-resistant cemented carbide, iyo isingakwanise kukwana rusvingo rwegomba kuti igadzikane kutungamira asiwo kuderedza kuzununguka panguva yekuchera. Dhizaini yezino inotarisana ne "kupfeka kuramba uye kuchinjika", kazhinji ipfupi uye gobvumazino akagaya(mazino esimbi) kana mazino madiki akaiswa, ane kureba kwezino 3-8mm uye dense mazino spacing, akakodzera kukwenya nekukuya maumbirwo akadai sevhu, jecha, dombo rakaomeswa. Iyo inoyerera chiteshi dhizaini zvakare yakapusa zvakanyanya, ine 1-2 hombe-diamita yemvura maziso, ichipa pamberi pakuona kuti kucheka kunobuda uye kudzivirira kuvharika.
Panyaya yechitarisiko, inotungamirwa roller cone bits inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Pakazara, iwo ari muchimiro che "tsvimbo yakatetepa" ine chiyero chakakura chehurefu hwakakwana kusvika dhayamita, uye iyo yakajairika dhayamita renji i150-400mm. Ichi chimiro chinobvumira chibooreso kuti chitenderere muzvikamu zvegomba rakakombama pasina kudhumhana. Mahwendefa egwara akabudikira padivi ndiwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa; chibooreso chinopedza chiso chakati sandara, chisina maburi emhuno ari pachena, magirovha ari nyore ekuyerera. Kumusoro kunonyanya kupfapfaidzwa neraki grey kana yero rinopfeka-resistant coating, iro rakatetepa. Chigadzirwa mamaki anoratidza zvakajeka "inotungamirwa mhando", "HDD yakakosha kushandiswa" uye curvature radius uye mamwe ma paramita ekukurumidza kuzivikanwa.
II. Vertical Shaft Roller Cone Bits: Akazvarirwa "High-Pressure Rock Breaking", Gobvu uye Rakasimba muChimiro & Chitarisiko
Chinhu chikuru chinodiwa pakuvaka shaft yakatwasuka (yakadai semigodhi migodhi nematsime emafuta akatwasuka) ndeye "inoshanda kuputsa dombo uye kutakura yakakwira yekuchera". The drilling trajectory inonyanya kumira, uye chinodiwa chekufambisa kushanduka chakaderera. Ichi chimiro chekushanda chinotarisa kuti chimiro uye chitarisiko chevertical shaft roller cone bits zvinofanirwa kuvakwa zvakatenderedza "kusimba uye kugona".
Panyaya yechimiro, iyo yakakosha dhizaini ye vertical shaft roller cone bits ndeye "kusimbisa kutakura-kutakura + kuvandudza dombo-kupwanya kugona". Mazhinji anotora 3 roller koni (mahombe-dhayamita mamodheru anogona kusvika 4 roller koni), ine roller makoni akarongwa mupakati symmetrical marongero. Theroller conesine dhayamita yakakura uye yakafara mhete yemazino, uye roller cone shaft ine yakanyanya kuomarara, iyo inogona kutakura makumi ematani eiyo axial drilling pressure. Iyo inotakura sisitimu inotora inoumbwa chimiro cheanorema-basa roller mabearings + anoyangarara mabhengi, ane gobvu radial ukobvu uye yakasarudzika maitiro ekudzivirira, ayo anogona kurarama nekuzunguzika kwakanyanya panguva yakaoma dombo. Musiyano mukuru kubva kutungamirirwadrill bitsndiko kusavapo kwegadziriro yekufambisa; chibooreso chemuviri wechimiro chakasimba uye chakakora, chinotarisa zvizere pakutsemuka kwedombo. Mazino akakamurwa kuita mazino akagayiwa uye mazino akaiswa muhukuru hukuru. Mazino akagayiwa akareba 10-15mm ane matipi akapinza mazino, uye mazino akaiswa anotora 8-12mm hombe-zviyo simende carbide, ine conical kana wedge-akaita-shape mazino profiles, inopwanya dombo rakaoma nechisimba. Iyo inoyerera chiteshi dhizaini yakanyanya kuomarara, ine 3-6 yakakwira-kudzvanywa nozzles yakagovaniswa kumeso ekupedzisira, iyo inogona kupfapfaidza yakakwira-kudzvanya kudhiraivha mvura kune inotonhorera zvikamu uye kuburitsa kucheka panguva yakakodzera.
Panyaya yechitarisiko, fungidziro yekutanga ye vertical shaft roller cone bits "ipfupi, ine mafuta uye yakasimba", ine diki reshiyo yehurefu hwakakwana kusvika dhayamita, uye dhayamita renji 200-600mm kana kupfuura. Mahombe-dhayamita mamodheru akafanana neakakora simbi discs, azere nekunzwa kwesimba. Iyo 3 roller cones ine nzvimbo yakakura yakavhurika, ine mazino akapinza uye anobuda, uye akawanda denderedzwa nozzle maburi pachiso chekupedzisira anooneka zvakajeka. Mamwe mamodheru ane zvivharo zvitsvuku kana zvitema zvekudzivirira. Kumusoro kwakapfapfaidzwa nejira gobvu rakasviba kana dema-resistant coating, iyo isingabatike uye isingaite ngura. Zvigadzirwa zvinomaka zvinoratidzira zvakakosha ma paramita akadai se "vertical shaft special use", "hard rock type" uye "drilling pressure level", ichiratidza kutakura kwayo uye kuputsa dombo.
Mhedzisiro Yakasiyana Summary: Mamiriro Ekushanda Anosarudza Fomu
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inotungamirwa roller cone bits ndeye "inoyevedza nyanzvi yekutungamirira", inotarisa pakutungamirira uye lateral simba rekudzivirira muchimiro, ine chitarisiko chakatetepa uye mahwendefa egwaro; vertical shaft roller cone bits "akasimba-anopwanya dombo hofori", akatarisana nekutakura-kuremedza uye inoshanda kuputsa dombo muchimiro, ipfupi, ine mafuta kutaridzika uye akawanda mhuno. Misiyano pakati pezviviri izvi ndeyekuratidzwa kweakasiyaniswa chigadzirwa dhizaini inosundwa nemisiyano yekuchera mamiriro ekushanda. Kubata aya magadzirirwo uye chitarisiko chekuzivikanwa mapoinzi kunogona kuita pa-saiti ongororo yekuvaka, kutenga michina uye kusarudzwa, pamwe nekuzivikanwa kweruzivo rweindasitiri kunyatsoita uye kwakaringana.
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