"Intliziyo" ye-Tricone Roller Bits: Iindidi eziNtathu eziQhelekileyo eziQinisekisa ukuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo

Kwiindawo zokuhlola i-oyile negesi kunye neendawo zokomba zejoloji, ii-roller cone bitlifana “nerhamncwa lentsimbi” elingena nzulu emhlabeni, yaye isiqhamo sisebenza “njengentliziyo” yeli rhamncwa. Ixhasa ukujikeleza kwesantya esiphezulu se-roller cones, inyamezela uxinzelelo olunzima oluphantsi komhlaba kunye nokukhuhlana, kwaye inquma ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo ye-bit kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yokugaya. Namhlanje, siza kucazulula iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-roller cone bits, siphonononga iimfihlo zobugcisa ngasemva nganye kunye neemeko apho zigqwesa khona.

I. I-Sliding etywiniweyo i-Rubber Bearing: Intshatsheli eSebenzayo ngeendleko, uMncedi othembekileyo kwi-Soft to Medium-Hard Formations.

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokomba, isilayidi serabha etywiniweyo "ligqala" elinamava elinezinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa. Ulwakhiwo lwalo aluntsonkothanga; undoqo uqulathe iperi etyibilikayo yokukhuhlana eyenziwe yijenali yentsimbi yealloyi kunye ne-alloy bushing engagugiyo. Njengamacandelo amabini esinyithi afakwe ngokuchanekileyo, ihambisa amandla ngokutyibilika. Ukuthintela ukungena kwe-drilling fluid, indibano ezinikeleyo yokutywinwa kwerabha—njengemisesane ye-radial seal kunye nee-gaskets zokuphela—ifakwe kwicala langaphandle lombhobho wokuthwala, kwaye i-cavity igcwele igrisi ye-viscosity ephezulu ukwenza "umqobo wokukhusela."

Iinzuzo ezinkulu zale mveliso zilele "ekuzinzeni" kunye "nokusebenza kweendleko." Uyilo lwe-sliding friction luvumela ukuhanjiswa komthwalo ofanayo kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo ephezulu, ukuvumela ukuba isebenze ngokuzinzileyo naphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lokomba kunye neemeko zesantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza. Ukongezelela, ibonakalisa iindleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa kunye nokugcinwa okulula—emva kokugqoka, kuphela i-bushing efuna ukutshintshwa ukubuyisela i-bit kwinkonzo. Nangona kunjalo, itywina lerabha "bubuthathaka" bayo: ukumelana nobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ngaphezu kwe-120.°C, kwaye umda wayo wokuxhathisa uxinzelelo ujikeleze i-50MPa, iyenza ingasebenzi kumaqula anzulu obushushu obuphezulu okanye xa ibekwe kulwelo lokugrumba oludlekayo.

Ke ngoko, "ithafa ledabi eliphambili" lokutyibilika kweebheringi zerabha etywiniweyo lithambile ukuya kubulukhuni obuphakathi, njengodongwe, ilitye lesanti, kunye nelitye likalikalika. Zifaneleke ngakumbi ukombiwa kwesiqhelo elunxwemeni,ukugrumba kwicala, kunye nemisebenzi engekho nzulu apho ulawulo lweendleko lubalulekile. Ukuba iimfuno zakho zokomba zihambelana nezi meko, oku kuya kuba lolona khetho lungabizi kakhulu.

II. Ukuthwala iRubber etywiniweyo: UVulindlela oFanelekileyo, iSixhobo esisiNgqondo soBume obuPhakathi ukuya koBunzima.

Xa ukugrumba kutshintsha ukuya kwi-medium-hard ukuya kwizinto ezinzima, ezifana ne-granite kunye ne-basalt, ukusebenza kakuhle kweebheringi zerabha ezitywiniweyo akwanelanga.—kwaye kulapho ukuqengqeleka kweebheringi zerabha ezitywiniweyo kuthatha indawo esembindini. Uphuculo lwayo oluphambili kukutshintsha isibini sesiqhelo sokutyibilika esinezinto eziqengqelekayo (iibheringi zebhola okanye iibheringi). Zombini izinto eziqengqelekayo kunye nendandatho zangaphakathi / zangaphandle zenziwe nge-alloy ephezulu yokuchaneka, ngelixa zigcina isitywina serubha kunye ne-grease-based sealing and lubrication system.

Olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo oluziswe kukungqubana okuqengqelekayo “kukuncitshiswa komzamo”: ukuxhathisa ukungqubana kwehliswe kakhulu,intwana yeitorque yokuqala incinci, kwaye inokufikelela ngokulula kwizantya eziphezulu zokujikeleza. Isantya sokomba koomatshini sikhula nge-10% -30%, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo iluncedo olungundoqo kwiiprojekthi ezilandela ukombiwa kobuchule obuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iphinda izuze ukulinganiselwa kweempawu zerabha—ubushushu obuphezulu bokumelana nobushushu bungaphezulu kancinci kunobo bebheringi ezityibilikayo, kodwa bufikelela kwi-130 kuphela°C, enokumelana noxinzelelo malunga ne-60MPa. Ngaphaya koko, izinto eziqengqelekayo zinovakalelo kakhulu kubumdaka; amasuntswana aqinileyo kwi-drilling fluid inokubangela ukuba i-jamming ibe lula, ngoko ke iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe kucoceko lwe-drilling fluid.

Ngokusekwe kwezi mpawu, iibheringi zerabha ezitywiniweyo zisetyenziselwa ukugrumba kwimibhobho ephakathi ukuya kolukhuni, njengakumacandelo athe nkqo amaqula anzulu nanzulu, kunye neeprojekthi zokomba ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifuna isantya esiphezulu sokomba oomatshini. Ngokumalunga nokukhethwa kwe-drilling fluid, zihambelana ngakumbi namanzi acocekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezisezantsi zokugaya ulwelo. Ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwiinzuzo zabo eziphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwe-drilling fluids equkethe amaqhekeza amakhulu aqinileyo kufuneka kugwenywe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

III. Ukuthwala komoya okuGuqekayo okungavalwanga: Ingcaphephe eNganyangekiyo kubushushu obuphezulu, uKhetho oluKhethekileyo kwiiNkqubo eziZodwa zoKwemba

Kwiqondo eliphezulu lobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokugrumba ubunzulu, obufana nemithombo ye-geothermal kunye namaqula anzulu erhasi ye-shale, amatywina erabha eentlobo ezimbini zokuqala zokuthwala aya kusilela ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu. Ngeli xesha, i-air bearing engatywinwanga iba sisisombululo esisebenzayo kuphela. Uyilo lwayo lolwakhiwo lwahlukile: ithatha into eqengqelekayo yokungqubana kwesibini kodwa iyayiphelisa ngokupheleleyo indibano yokutywinwa. Umgodi wokuthwala uqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-drilling medium, kwaye umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye i-atomized drilling fluid isetyenziswa njengendlela yokupholisa kunye ne-lubricating medium.

Ngaphandle kwemiqobo yamatywina, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kuye kwafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200.°C, ekwaziyo ngokupheleleyo ukuziqhelanisa neemekobume zobushushu obuphezulu obuphantsi komhlaba. Kwangaxeshanye, umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokuqhubekayo ucoca i-cavity yokuthwala, ungasusi nje ubushushu obuveliswa kukungqubana kodwa ukhupha ngokufanelekileyo ii-cuttings ezingenayo ukuphepha ukuthwala ukunxiba, ukuphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kwiindawo ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, ikwanazo "iimfuno" ezikhethekileyo: ineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kwinkqubo yonikezelo lomoya, ifuna umthombo ozinzileyo womoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ubomi obuthweleyo buchatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo kukucoceka komthombo womoya—ukuba ukungcola kuxutywa kumthombo womoya, kunokubangela umonakalo othwele ngokulula.

Olu hlobo lokuthwala lunezicelo ezikhethekileyo, ikakhulu ezisetyenziswa kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokomba, kunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokugrumba okungalungelelananga kunye nokubhola komoya. Kwezi nkqubo, umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu awunikezeli nje kuphela ukuthambisa kunye nokupholisa ukuthwala kodwa kwakhona ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuwa kwe-wellbore, ukufezekisa iinjongo ezimbini ngexesha elinye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayihambelani ngokupheleleyo neenkqubo zolwelo zokomba eziqhelekileyo ezisekelwe emanzini kwaye zinokusebenza kuphela kwigesi okanye kwi-atomized drilling fluid media.—lo ngumda wesicelo esingundoqo.

Isishwankathelo: Unokukhetha Njani Phakathi KweeBhere ezintathu? UkuTyatshaniswa kweeMeko zokuSebenza kungundoqo

Emva kokufunda ngeenkcukacha zezi nkalo zintathu, kucacile ukuba akukho ukongama okanye ukungaphantsi ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwazo.—iyantlukwano kuphela ekulungelweni kweemeko ezithile zokusebenza. Ngamagama alula, ingqiqo engundoqo yokhetho inokushwankathelwa ngamanqaku amathathu:

Kulwakhiwo oluthambileyo ukuya koluphakathi-lukhuni kunye nokusebenza kwequla elingekho nzulu apho ukusebenza kweendleko kuyeyona nto iphambili, khetha ukuthwala irabha etywiniweyo etyibilikayo; kwi-medium-hard-hard formations apho isantya esiphezulu sokomba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuyadingeka, khetha ukuthwala i-rubber etywiniweyo; kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, imingxuma enzulu yoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokugrumba komoya, i-air beararing engatywinwanga yiyo kuphela inketho.

Njengoko "intliziyo" ye-roller cone bit, ukukhetha ukuthwala kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokhuseleko lwemisebenzi yokomba. Kuyathenjwa ukuba eli nqaku liza kukunceda ukucacisa umahluko ophambili phakathi kweebheringi ezintathu, kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe "intliziyo" efanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi zokomba ezisebenzayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukugrumba okusebenzayo nokuthembekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha.