Amasuntswana e-Trione: I-HDD eKhokelweyo vs. Iiyantlukwano zeShaft ezithe nkqo
Kwintsimi yezixhobo zokomba, ii-roller cone bits zezona nxalenye zingundoqo zokuqhekezwa kwamatye kunye nokugrumba. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba zombini i-roller cone bits, i-roller cone bits eyilwe ngokukodwa i-Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) kunye nezo zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-shaft (iqula elithe nkqo / lemigodi) zahluke kakhulu kuyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nenkangeleko ngenxa yomahluko obalulekileyo kwiimeko zabo zokusebenza ezilungelelanisiweyo. Kubasebenzi bokugrumba kunye nabathengi, ukuqonda lo mahluko akwenzeli nje ukhetho olukhawulezayo ukuphepha imigibe kodwa kukwandise nengqiqo yondoqo woshishino "yezixhobo eziziqhelanisa neemeko zokusebenza". Namhlanje, siza kuqhawula iiyantlukwano phakathi kwezi zimbini ukusuka kwimilinganiselo emibini ebalulekileyo yesakhiwo kunye nokubonakala.
I. I-HDD ekhokelwa yi-HDD ye-Roller Cone Bits: Uzalelwe "i-Flexible Steering", i-Compact kuLwakhiwo kunye nokubonakala
Eyona mfuno iphambili yolwakhiwo lwe-HDD "yi-precision steering kunye ne-curved drilling". Umzekelo, ekubekweni kwemibhobho kamasipala, ii-drill bitifuna ukugqitha imiqobo engaphantsi komhlaba kwaye ilandele indlela eyiliweyo. Le meko yokusebenza imisela ukuba ubume kunye nenkangeleko yeebhithi ze-roller cone ezikhokelwayo kufuneka zijoliswe "kwi-flexibility and controllability".
Ngokumalunga nolwakhiwo, eyona nto iphambili yoyilo lweebhithi zekhowuni ezikhokelwayo "yi-compactness + steering empowerment". Uninzi lwamkela i-3-roller cone layout, kodwa iicones ze-roller zicwangciswe ngakumbi kwaye zihlangene ngokubanzi. Ezinye iimodeli ziyilwe nge-eccentric roller cone layout, enokuthi ivelise amandla asecaleni ngokulula xa idityaniswa nemoto eqhubayo ukuphumeza uhlengahlengiso olululo. Inkqubo yokuthwala iyona nxalenye yayo ephambili yokunyanzeliswa, ithatha iibheringi ezivaliweyo ezinganyangekiyo ezinobude obuncinci be-axial kunye nobubanzi obungaphandle obuncinci, obunokumelana nemithwalo etshintshanayo ebangelwa kukuqhuba rhoqo kwaye ugweme ukuthwala ukuqhekeka okanye ukugcwala. Okubaluleke kakhulu, iipleyiti zesikhokelo ze-1-2 (amaphiko esikhokelo) zihlanganiswe kwicala okanye ngasemva kwe-drill bit, ezenziwe nge-carbide ene-cemented e-high-wear-resistant, engakwazi ukudibanisa udonga lomngxuma ukuzinzisa ulwalathiso kodwa nokunciphisa ukugubha ngexesha lokugaya. Uyilo lwezinyo lugxile "kuxhathiso lokunxiba kunye nokuguquguquka", ubukhulu becala bufutshane kwaye butyebileamazinyo okugaya(amazinyo entsimbi) okanye amazinyo amancinane afakiweyo, anobude bezinyo obuyi-3-8mm kunye nesithuba samazinyo ashinyeneyo, alungele ukukhuhla kunye nokwakheka kokusila okufana nodongwe, isanti, ilitye elixineneyo. Uyilo lomjelo wokuhamba nalo lulula kakhulu, lunamehlo amanzi anobubanzi obuyi-1-2 obukhulu, lunika ingqwalaselo ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukusika kuyakhutshwa kunye nokuthintela ukuvaleka.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimbonakalo, iibhithi ze-roller cone ezikhokelwayo ziyaziwa kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, bakwimo "yentonga ebhityileyo" kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu wobude obupheleleyo ukuya kububanzi, kunye nobubanzi obuqhelekileyo be-150-400mm. Le milo ivumela i-drill bit ukuba ijike ngokuguquguqukayo kumacandelo emingxuma egobileyo ngaphandle kwe-jamming. Iipleyiti zesikhokelo eziphumayo kwicala lezona zisazisi zinembile; isiphelo bit drill isiphelo sicaba, akukho mingxunya nozzle zicacileyo, kuphela imijelo elula flow channel. Umphezulu utshizwa ubukhulu becala ngombala ongwevu okhanyayo okanye omthubi ongagungqiyo, obhityileyo. Iimpawu zemveliso zibonisa ngokucacileyo "uhlobo olukhokelwayo", "ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kwe-HDD" kunye ne-curvature radius kunye nezinye iiparameters zokuchonga ngokukhawuleza.
II. Amasuntswana eKhowuni ye-Shaft ethe nkqo: Uzalelwe "Ukuqhekezwa kweLitye loxinzelelo oluphezulu", eliQina kwaye liqinile kulwakhiwo kunye nenkangeleko.
Eyona mfuno ingundoqo yolwakhiwo lweshafti ethe nkqo (efana neeshafti zemigodi kunye namaqula e-oyile athe nkqo) "kukuqhekezwa kwamatye okusebenzayo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokomba". I-drilling trajectory iphezulu ngokuthe nkqo, kwaye imfuno yokuguquguquka kokulawula iphantsi. Le meko yokusebenza imisela ukuba ubume kunye nenkangeleko yeebhithi zekhowuni ezithe nkqo zeshaft kufuneka zakhiwe malunga "nokuqina nokusebenza kakuhle".
Ngokumalunga nolwakhiwo, uyilo olungundoqo lwe-vertical shaft roller cone bits "ukomeleza ukuthwala umthwalo + nokuphucula amandla okuqhekeza amatye". Uninzi lwamkela iicones ezi-3 ze-roller (iimodeli ezinobubanzi obukhulu zinokufikelela kwi-4 ye-roller cones), kunye ne-roller cones ecwangciswe kwi-layout centrally symmetrical. IiiconesUnobubanzi obukhulu kunye nobubanzi besangqa sezinyo elibanzi, kwaye i-roller cone shaft inobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu, obunokuthwala amashumi eetoni zoxinzelelo lokomba lwe-axial. Inkqubo yokuthwala ithatha ulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo lweebheringi ezisindayo + iibheringi ezidadayo, ezinobungqingqwa beradial obukhulu kunye nokumelana nempembelelo ebalaseleyo, enokumelana nokungcangcazela okuqatha ngexesha lokuqhekeka kwamatye aqinileyo. Owona mahluko mkhulu kwisikhokeloi-drill bitskukungabikho kwesakhiwo sokuqhuba; i-drill bit body yoyilo oluqinileyo nolungqindilili, olugxile ngokupheleleyo ekuqhekezeni amatye. Amazinyo ahlulwe abe ngamazinyo agayiweyo kunye namazinyo amakhulu afakiweyo. Amazinyo angqushiweyo anobude obuyi-10-15mm kunye neencam zamazinyo abukhali, kwaye amazinyo afakiweyo athatha i-8-12mm yeenkozo ezinkulu ezenziwe ngesamente carbide, kunye neprofayili yamazinyo e-conical okanye i-wedge, eqhekeza ilitye eliqinileyo ngempembelelo enamandla. Uyilo lomjelo wokuhamba lunzima ngakumbi, kunye ne-3-6 yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwemibhobho esasazwa ebusweni bokugqibela, obunokutshiza i-high-pressure drilling fluid kumacandelo okupholisa kunye nokukhupha ukusika ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwinkangeleko, umbono wokuqala we-vertical shaft roller cone bits "umfutshane, utyebile kwaye uqinile", kunye nomlinganiselo omncinci wobude obupheleleyo ukuya kububanzi, kunye nobubanzi be-200-600mm okanye ngaphezulu. Iimodeli ezinobubanzi obukhulu zifana neediski zetsimbi ezishinyeneyo, ezigcwele amandla. Iicones ezi-3 ze-roller zinendawo enkulu evulekileyo, enamazinyo abukhali kwaye aphumayo, kunye nezimbobo ezininzi zeetyhula zetyhula ebusweni bokugqibela zibonakala ngokucacileyo. Ezinye iimodeli zixhotyiswe ngeekepusi zokukhusela ezothutho ezibomvu okanye ezimnyama. Umphezulu utshizwe ngengwevu emnyama emnyama okanye emnyama ekwaziyo ukunxiba, ekwaziyo ukumelana neempembelelo kunye ne-corrosion-resistant. Ukumakishwa kwemveliso kuya kubonisa iiparitha eziphambili ezifana "nosetyenziso olukhethekileyo lwe-shaft", "uhlobo lwamatye anzima" kunye "nenqanaba loxinzelelo lokugaya", ukugqamisa iipropati zayo zokuthwala kunye nokuphulwa kwamatye.
IsiShwankathelo soMahluko ongundoqo: IiMeko zokuSebenza zimisela iFomu
Ukubeka nje, amasuntswana e-roller cone ekhokelwayo "ziingcali zokuqhuba ezigqwesileyo", zijolise ekulawuleni nasekuxhathiseni amandla asecaleni kwisakhiwo, kunye nenkangeleko ebhityileyo kunye neepleyiti zesikhokelo; amasuntswana ekhowuni ye-shaft ethe nkqo "ziingxilimbela ezomeleleyo eziqhekeza amatye", zigxile ekuthwaleni umthwalo kunye nokuqhekezwa kakuhle kwamatye kwisakhiwo, kunye nenkangeleko emfutshane, etyebileyo kunye nemilomo emininzi. Umahluko phakathi kwezi zibini ngokuyimfuneko kukubonakaliswa koyilo lwemveliso olwahlukileyo oluqhutywa ngumahluko kwiimeko zokusebenza zokomba. Ukuba nobuchule kwezi ndawo zokuchongwa kolwakhiwo kunye nenkangeleko kunokwenza uhlolo lolwakhiwo kwindawo, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo kunye nokukhetha, kunye nolwazi loshishino olusebenzayo ngakumbi kwaye luchanekile.
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