"Inhliziyo" ye-Tricone Roller Bits: Izinhlobo Ezintathu Zokuthwala Ezinquma Impumelelo Yokubhola

Ezindaweni zokuhlola uwoyela negesi kanye nezindawo zokumba i-geological, ii-roller cone kancanekufana “nesilwane sensimbi” esingena sijule emhlabathini, futhi ukuthwala kwawo kusebenza “njengenhliziyo” yalesi silo. Isekela ukujikeleza kwejubane eliphezulu lama-roller cones, ibekezelela izingcindezi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nokungqubuzana, futhi inquma ngokuqondile impilo yesevisi ye-bit kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza kokumba. Namuhla, sizohlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu ezibalulekile zama-roller cone bits, sihlole izimfihlo zobuchwepheshe ezingemuva ngakunye kanye nezimo lapho ziphumelela khona.

I. I-Sliding Seal Seled Rubber Bearing: Ingqwele Ebiza Izindleko, Umsizi Othembekile Wokwakheka Okuthambile kuya Kumaphakathi Okuqinile

Ezimeni ezijwayelekile zokumba, i-rubber evalwe kahle ehambisanayo "ingomakadebona" enezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa. Isakhiwo sawo asiyinkimbinkimbi; umgogodla uqukethe ipheya eslayidayo ehlanganisa ijenali yensimbi ye-alloy kanye ne-alloy bushing engagugi. Njengezingxenye ezimbili zensimbi ezifakwe ngokunemba, idlulisa amandla ngokuslayida. Ukuze uvimbele ukungena koketshezi lokumba, umhlangano ozinikele wokuvala irabha—njengamaringi e-radial seal kanye nama-gaskets wokugcina—ifakwe ohlangothini olungaphandle lwesigxobo esithwalayo, futhi i-cavity igcwele i-high-viscosity grease ukuze yakhe "isithiyo sokuzivikela."

Izinzuzo ezinkulu zalokhu kuthwala zilele "ekuzinzile" kanye "nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko." Idizayini ye-sliding friction inika amandla ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo okufanayo kanye nokumelana nomthelela ophakeme, okuwuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokuzinzile ngisho nangaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu yokumba kanye nezimo zejubane eliphezulu lokujikeleza. Ukwengeza, inezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nokugcinwa okulula—ngemuva kokugqoka, i-bushing kuphela edinga ukushintshwa ukuze ubuyisele i-bit kusevisi. Kodwa-ke, uphawu lwenjoloba "ubuthakathaka" balo: ukumelana kwayo nezinga lokushisa ngokuvamile akukho ngaphezu kwe-120.°C, futhi umkhawulo wayo wokumelana nengcindezi ucishe ube ngu-50MPa, okuyenza ingasebenzi emithonjeni ejulile enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma lapho ichayeke oketshezini lokumba olubolayo.

Ngakho-ke, "inkundla yempi eyinhloko" yamabheringi enjoloba avaliwe athambile kuya kokuqina okumaphakathi, njengobumba, i-sandstone, ne-limestone. Afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukubhola okuvamile ogwini,ukubhola okuqondisayo, kanye nokusebenza kwemithombo engajulile lapho ukulawulwa kwezindleko kubalulekile. Uma izidingo zakho zokumba zihambisana nalezi zimo, lokhu kuzala kuzoba ukukhetha okubiza kakhulu.

II. I-Rolling Seal Seal Rubber Bearing: Iphayona Elisebenza Kakhulu, Ithuluzi Elibalulekile Lokwakheka Okumaphakathi-Kunzima kuya Kalukhuni

Lapho ukumba kushintsha kuya kokuqina okuphakathi kuya kokuqinile, okufana negwadle ne-basalt, ukusebenza kahle kwamabheringi enjoloba avaliwe akwanele.—futhi kungaleso sikhathi lapho ama-rubber bearings avaliwe athatha indawo ephakathi nendawo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo okuyinhloko ukufaka esikhundleni sokubhangqa okujwayelekile kokuslayida okuhambisanayo nezinto eziginqikayo (amabheringi amabhola noma ama-roller bearings). Kokubili izakhi ezigoqayo namandandatho angaphakathi/angaphandle enziwe nge-alloy ukumelana nokugqokwa okunemba okuphezulu, kuyilapho kugcinwe uphawu lwenjoloba kanye nesistimu yokufaka uphawu neyokugcoba okusekelwe kugrisi.

Ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu olulethwa ukungqubuzana okuguquguqukayo "umzamo owehlisiwe": ukumelana nokungqubuzana kwehliswa kakhulu,kancanei-torque yokuqala incane, futhi ingafinyelela kalula isivinini sokujikeleza esiphezulu. Isivinini sokumba ngomshini ngokuvamile sikhuphuka ngo-10% -30%, okungangabazeki ukuthi kuyinzuzo eyinhloko kumaphrojekthi aphishekela ukubhola okusebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, iphinde izuze imikhawulo yezimpawu zenjoloba—ukumelana nokushisa kwayo okuphezulu kuphakeme kancane kunama-sliding bearings, kodwa kufinyelela ku-130 kuphela°C, enokumelana nengcindezi cishe okungama-60MPa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi ezigoqayo zizwela kakhulu ukungcola; izinhlayiya eziqinile oketshezini lokubhoboza zingabangela kalula ukugxuma, ngakho izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe ekuhlanzekeni koketshezi lokumba.

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici, ama-rubber bearings avaliwe asetshenziselwa ukubhoboza ngendlela ephakathi-kunzima ukuya koqinile, njengezingxenye eziqondile zemithombo ejulile kanye ne-ultra-deep, kanye namaphrojekthi okumba asebenza kahle kakhulu adinga isivinini sokumba ngemishini. Mayelana nokukhethwa koketshezi lokumba, ahambisana kakhulu namanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezinhlelo eziphansi zokugaya uketshezi. Ukuze unikeze ukudlala okugcwele ezinzuzweni zabo zokusebenza kahle, ukusetshenziswa koketshezi lokumba oluqukethe izinhlayiya ezinkulu eziqinile kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.

III. I-Rolling Air Bearing Engavaliwe: Isazi Esimelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu, Inketho Ekhethekile Yezinqubo Eziyingqayizivele Zokubhola

Ezimweni zokushisa eziphakeme kakhulu kanye nezimo zokumba ezijulile zokucindezela okukhulu, njengemithombo ye-geothermal kanye nemithombo ejulile yegesi ye-shale, izimpawu zenjoloba zezinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala ezithwalayo zizohluleka ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Kuleli qophelo, i-air bearing engavaliwe iba ukuphela kwekhambi elisebenzayo. Idizayini yayo yesakhiwo ihluke kakhulu: yamukela i-rolling element friction pair kodwa iqeda ngokuphelele ukuhlanganiswa kokuvala. Umgodi wokubhoboza uxhumeke ngokuqondile endaweni yokumba, futhi umoya onomfutho ophezulu noma uketshezi lokumba lwe-athomu lusetshenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa neyokugcoba.

Ngaphandle kwemingcele yezimpawu zokushisa, ukumelana kwayo kwezinga lokushisa kufinyelele izinga eliphezulu, lafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-200.°C, ekwazi ngokugcwele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishisayo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umoya onomfutho ophezulu uhlanza ngokuqhubekayo imbobo yokuthwala, ungagcini nje ngokususa ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukungqubuzana kodwa futhi ukhipha ngokuphumelelayo ama-cuttings angenayo ukuze ugweme ukuthwala ukuguga, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukwethembeka ezindaweni ezinonya. Kodwa-ke, futhi "inezidingo" eziyingqayizivele: inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka komoya, oludinga umthombo womoya ozinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphila okuthwalayo kuthinteka ngokuqondile ukuhlanzeka komthombo womoya—uma ukungcola kuhlangana emthonjeni womoya, kungabangela kalula ukulimala.

Lolu hlobo lokuthwala lunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu kokumba umthombo ojulile, kanye nezinqubo ezikhethekile ezifana nokubhola okulinganiselayo kanye nokubhola komoya. Kulezi zinqubo, umoya onomfutho ophezulu awuhlinzeki nje ngokuthambisa kanye nokupholisa i-bearing kodwa futhi uvimbela ngempumelelo ukubhidlika kwe-wellbore, ukufeza imigomo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ayihambisani ngokuphelele nezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokumba uketshezi olususelwa emanzini futhi ingasebenza kuphela kugesi noma kumithombo yemithombo ye-athomu yokumba uketshezi.—lokhu kuwumkhawulo wohlelo lokusebenza oluyinhloko.

Isifinyezo: Ungakhetha Kanjani Phakathi Kwama-Bearings amathathu? Ukufanisa Izimo Zokusebenza Kuyisihluthulelo

Ngemva kokufunda ngemininingwane yala ma-bearings amathathu, kuyacaca ukuthi akukho ukuphakama okuphelele noma okuphansi phakathi kwawo.—umehluko kuphela wokufaneleka kwezimo ezithile zokusebenza. Ngamagama alula, ingqondo eyinhloko yokukhetha ingafinyezwa ngamaphuzu amathathu:

Ukuze uthole ukwakheka okuthambile kuya kokuqina okumaphakathi kanye nokusebenza kwemithombo engajulile lapho ukonga kwezindleko kubaluleke kakhulu, khetha ibhithi yerabha evaliwe eslayidayo; ukwakheka okuphakathi nendawo kanzima kuya kokuqina lapho kudingeka khona isivinini esikhulu sokubhola nokusebenza kahle, khetha ibherethi yerabha evaliwe egoqayo; kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, imithombo ejulile yokucindezela okuphezulu noma izinqubo ezikhethekile ezifana nokubhoboza komoya, i-air rolling engavaliwe iyona kuphela inketho.

Njengoba "inhliziyo" ye-roller cone bit, ukukhetha okuthwala kuthinta ngokuqondile izindleko, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphepha kokusebenza kokumba. Sethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi ucacise umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwama-bearings amathathu, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe "inhliziyo" efanele kumaphrojekthi okumba asebenzayo futhi uqinisekise ukubhola okusebenzayo nokuthembekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.