I-Trione Bits: I-HDD Guided vs. Vertical Shaft Differences
Emkhakheni wemishini yokumba, izingcezu ze-roller cone ziyizingxenye eziyinhloko zokuphuka nokubhoboza amatshe. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuba zombili izingcezu ze-roller cone, izingcezu ze-roller cone eziqondisiwe ezidizayinelwe ngokuqondile u-Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) kanye nalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-vertical shaft (i-vertical well/mining shaft) zihluke kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekubukekeni kwayo ngenxa yomehluko obalulekile ezimeni zazo zokusebenza eziguquliwe. Kubasebenzi bokubhola kanye nabathengi, ukuqonda lo mehluko akugcini nje ngokwenza ukukhetha okusheshayo ukugwema izingibe kodwa futhi kujulisa ukuqonda umqondo owumongo wemboni "wezinto zokusebenza ezivumelana nezimo zokusebenza". Namuhla, sizohlukanisa umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbili ezibalulekile zesakhiwo nokubukeka.
I. I-HDD Guided Roller Cone Bits: Wazalelwa "Flexible Steering", Compact in Structure & Ukubukeka
Imfuneko eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kwe-HDD "ukuqondisa kahle nokubhola okugobile". Isibonelo, ekubekweni kwamapayipi kamasipala, ii-drill bitidinga ukudlula izithiyo ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi ilandele umzila oklanyelwe. Lesi simo sokusebenza sinquma ukuthi ukwakheka nokubukeka kwamabhithi ekhoni ye-roller eqondisiwe kufanele kugxile "ekuguquleni nasekulawuleni".
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo, okugqamile kwedizayini ewumongo yezingcezu zekhoni eqondisiwe "i-compactness + steering empowerment". Iningi lithatha i-3-roller cone layout, kodwa ama-roller cones ahlelwe ngokuminyene futhi ahlangene jikelele. Amanye amamodeli aklanywe nge-eccentric roller cone layout, engakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla asemaceleni kalula uma efaniswa nesiteringi ukuze kufinyelelwe ukucushwa okuhle kwe-trajectory. I-bearing system iyingxenye yayo eyinhloko ethwala amandla, ethatha ama-lateral force-resistant sealed anobude obuncane be-axial ende kanye nobubanzi obuncane obungaphandle, obungakwazi ukubhekana nemithwalo eshintshanayo ebangelwa ukuqondisa okuvamile futhi igweme ukuzala noma ukuminya. Okubaluleke kakhulu, amapuleti omhlahlandlela we-1-2 (amaphiko omhlahlandlela) ahlanganiswe ohlangothini noma ngemuva kwe-drill bit, eyenziwe nge-carbide enosimende egqoke kakhulu, engakwazi ukufaka udonga lwembobo kuphela ukuze kuqiniswe isiqondiso kodwa futhi kunciphise ukuthuthumela ngesikhathi sokumba. Idizayini yezinyo igxile "ekuvikelekeni kokugqoka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo", ikakhulukazi amafushane futhi aminyeneamazinyo agayiwe(amazinyo ensimbi) noma amazinyo amancane afakiwe, anobude bezinyo obuyi-3-8mm kanye nesikhala samazinyo aminyene, alungele ukukhuhla nokugaya ukwakheka okunjengobumba, isihlabathi, idwala eliqinile. Idizayini yesiteshi sokugeleza nayo ilula kakhulu, inamehlo amanzi anobubanzi obuyi-1-2, ebeka kuqala ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ama-cuttings ayaphuma futhi avimbele ukuvaleka.
Mayelana nokubukeka, izingcezu ze-roller cone eziqondisiwe ziyabonakala kakhulu. Sekukonke, asesimweni "senduku ezacile" enesilinganiso esikhulu sobude obuphelele kuya kobubanzi, futhi ububanzi obujwayelekile bungu-150-400mm. Lo mumo uvumela i-drill bit ukuthi iguquke kalula ezigabeni zembobo egobile ngaphandle kokugxumeka. Amapuleti angumhlahlandlela aphuma eceleni ayizihlonzi ezinembile kakhulu; i-drill bit end face iyisicaba, ayinazo izimbobo zenozzle ezisobala, imigudu elula yokugeleza kuphela. Ingaphezulu lifafazwa kakhulu nge-coat eqinile empunga noma ephuzi, ecishe ibe mncane. Izimpawu zomkhiqizo zibonisa ngokucacile "uhlobo oluqondisiwe", "ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwe-HDD" kanye ne-curvature radius namanye amapharamitha wokuhlonza ngokushesha.
II. I-Vertical Shaft Roller Cone Bits: Izalelwe "I-High-Pressure Rock Breaking", Eminyene futhi Eqinile Ngesakhiwo Nokubukeka
Imfuneko eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kweshafu eqondile (njengemigodi yezimayini kanye nemithombo kawoyela emile ebheke phezulu) "ukuphuka kwamadwala okusebenzayo kanye nokuthwala ukucindezela okuphezulu kokumba". I-trajectory yokumba iqondile ngokuyinhloko, futhi imfuneko yokuguquguquka kokuqondisa iphansi kakhulu. Lesi simo sokusebenza sinquma ukuthi ukwakheka nokubukeka kwezingcezu zekhoni ye-shaft roller kumele kwakhiwe eduze "kokuqina nokusebenza kahle".
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo, umklamo oyinhloko wama-vertical shaft roller cone bits "ukuqinisa ukuthwala umthwalo + ukuthuthukisa umthamo wokuphuka kwamadwala". Iningi lithatha ama-roller cones angu-3 (amamodeli anobubanzi obukhulu angafinyelela ama-roller cones angu-4), ama-roller cones ahlelwe ngendlela ephakathi nendawo. Iama-roller conesibe nobubanzi obukhudlwana nobubanzi bendandatho yezinyo elibanzi, futhi i-roller cone shaft inokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu, okungathwala amashumi amathani okucindezela kokumba i-axial. Isistimu yokuthwala yamukela ukwakheka okuyinhlanganisela yama-roller-duty bearings + ama-bearings antantayo, anogqinsi oluwugqinsi lwe-radial kanye nokumelana okuvelele komthelela, okungamelana nokudlidliza okunzima ngesikhathi sokuphuka kwamadwala aqinile. Umehluko omkhulu kunayo yonke kusukela ekuqondisweniukubhoboza izingcezuukungabikho kwesakhiwo sokuqondisa; umzimba we-drill bit uwumklamo oqinile futhi owugqinsi, ugxile ngokugcwele ekuqhekekeni kwamatshe. Amazinyo ahlukaniswe abe amazinyo agayiwe kanye namazinyo afakiwe amakhulu. Amazinyo agayiwe anobude obuyi-10-15mm anamazinyo abukhali, kanti amazinyo afakiwe athatha i-carbide enosimende engu-8-12mm enohlamvu olukhulu, enephrofayili yamazinyo abumbene noma amise okwencingo, ephihliza idwala eliqinile ngamandla anamandla. Idizayini yesiteshi sokugeleza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, inama-nozzles angu-3-6 aphezulu asakazwa ebusweni bokugcina, engafafaza i-high-pressure drilling fluid ezingxenyeni ezipholile futhi ikhiphe ukusikwa ngesikhathi.
Mayelana nokubukeka, umbono wokuqala wamabhithi ekhoni ye-shaft roller "mfushane, ukhuluphele futhi uqinile", unesilinganiso esincane sobude obuphelele kuya kububanzi, kanye nobubanzi obuyi-200-600mm noma ngaphezulu. Amamodeli anobubanzi obukhulu afana namadiski ensimbi aminyene, agcwele umuzwa wamandla. Ama-roller cones angu-3 anendawo enkulu eveziwe, enamazinyo acijile naphumela ngaphandle, kanye nezimbobo eziningi eziyindilinga eziyisiyingi ebusweni bokuphela zibonakala ngokucacile. Amanye amamodeli afakwe amakepisi okuvikela ezokuthutha abomvu noma amnyama. Indawo engaphezulu ifafazwe ngengubo eqinile empunga emnyama noma emnyama engagqoki, ukumelana nokushayisana futhi imelana nokugqwala. Izimpawu zomkhiqizo zizokhombisa amapharamitha abalulekile njengokuthi "ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kweshaft eqondile", "uhlobo lwe-hard rock" kanye "nezinga lokucindezela kokubhoboza", okugqamisa izici zayo zokuthwala nokuphula amatshe.
Isifinyezo Somehluko Oyinhloko: Izimo Zokusebenza Zinquma Ifomu
Kalula nje, izingcezu ze-roller cone eziqondisiwe "zingochwepheshe abahle bokuqondisa", zigxile ekuqineni kokuqondisa kanye ne-lateral force esakhiweni, enokubukeka okuzacile namapuleti omhlahlandlela; ama-vertical shaft roller cone bits "ayimidondoshiya eqinile ephuka amadwala", agxile ekuthwaleni umthwalo nasekuqhekekeni kwedwala okuphumelelayo ngesakhiwo, nokubukeka okufushane, okunamafutha kanye nemibhobho eminingi. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili empeleni uwukubonakaliswa komklamo womkhiqizo ohlukene oqhutshwa umehluko ezimeni zokusebenza zokumba. Ukwazi kahle lezi zindawo zokuhlonza izakhiwo nokubukeka kungenza ukuhlolwa kokwakhiwa kwendawo, ukuthengwa kwemishini nokukhetha, kanye nokwandiswa kolwazi lwemboni kusebenze kahle futhi kunembile.
IZINDABA EZIHLOBANE
Thumela Umlayezo
Ikheli lakho le-imeyili ngeke lishicilelwe. Izinkambu ezidingekayo zimakwe *
